Description

A major data breach has struck Italy’s national railway operator, FS Italiane Group, after a threat actor compromised the systems of its IT services provider, Almaviva. The hacker claims to have stolen an enormous 2.3 terabytes of data, publishing the leak on a dark web forum. According to the attacker’s description, the exposed information includes confidential corporate documents, multi-company repositories, internal communications, HR archives, accounting files, and sensitive materials belonging to several FS Group subsidiaries. Cyber intelligence experts investigating the incident, including D3Lab’s Andrea Draghetti, have validated that the leaked data is recent containing documents from Q3 2025 indicating this is not a recycled dataset from previous breaches such as the 2022 Hive ransomware attack. The structure and organization of the leaked files match typical ransomware or data-broker operations active throughout 2024 and 2025. Almaviva is a major global IT services provider, employing over 41,000 people and generating $1.4 billion in annual revenue. The company supports multiple sectors by delivering software development, system integration, cybersecurity services, CRM technology, and large-scale IT infrastructure for public and private entities. FS Italiane Group, a state-owned enterprise generating over $18 billion annually, is the backbone of Italy’s transportation network. It manages critical railway infrastructure, passenger and freight operations, bus services, and logistics routes. Due to the company’s strategic importance, any data exposure could pose operational, economic, and national security risks. While FS has not commented publicly, Almaviva eventually confirmed that an intrusion occurred and resulted in data exfiltration. The company stated that its security monitoring systems detected and isolated the cyberattack, triggering immediate containment and incident response procedures. Almaviva has since notified the Italian police, the National Cybersecurity Agency, and the country’s Data Protection Authority. An official investigation is underway, supported by government agencies. Almaviva claims that its critical services remained fully operational during the event and promised to release further updates as the inquiry progresses. It remains unclear whether passenger data was included in the stolen information or whether other Almaviva clients besides FS Italiane have been affected. With the investigation ongoing and no confirmation from FS, organizations relying on Almaviva’s infrastructure may need to assess their exposure and review their cybersecurity posture.